Routing Protocol

To be certified as CCNA, CCNP, or CCIE, you should have a basic theory that is useful to your career. This theory is about routing protocol. This is the first thing that I have got from my group discussion in my company. Hope it useful enough for you, who will start your career as a Cisco/Network Engineer.

What is Routing?
Routing is a process to deliver the packet to the other networks. Based on how we configure the routing, you can classify it into two routing type, static routing and dynamic routing.

Static Routing and Dynamic Routing

Static routing is manually configured by admin at every router, without routing protocol. Whereas Dynamic routing, you utilize the routing protocol to route your incoming packet. Dynamic routing itself can be classified into two categories based on the routing protocol that is used. They are Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) and Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP).

Due to understand IGP and EGP, you should know Autonomous System (AS) first. AS is a region of the internet that is administered by one entity. You can also define in other words, collection of connected IP routing prefixes under the control of one or more network operators that presents a common, clearly defined routing policy to the Internet.

IGP and EGP

IGP category is utilized as a routing protocol in the one AS. IGP can be classified into two different types due to the algorithm. Distant Vector and Link State are them. One of the example of Distant Vector is Routing Information Protocol (RIP), whereas Link State example is Open Shortest Path First (OSPF). In the other hand, EGP is used as a routing protocol to connect different AS, i.e. Border Gateway Protocol (BGP).

The important concepts that you should understand beside Autonomous System are interdomain system, intradomain system,  distance vector, and link state.  Interdomain system is the system between two or more AS, whereas intradomain system is vise versa, system in one AS. Whereas Distance Vector and Link State, the main difference is the algorithm. Distance Vector only know the neighbour router, without understand the overall path of the network. So, if one of the router network is malfunction or down, network cannot find another way. It is different with Link State. If you use Link State, you feel like bring a map to go somewhere. You can change other route to reach a destination.

Sources:

1. http://en.wikipedia.org

2. http://cisco.com

3. CCNA and CCNP exploration

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